Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Nine of the computers, which featured dozens of advanced design innovations, were sold, mainly to national laboratories and major scientific users. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. See Answer. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. He founded Sublogic after graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977, and released the first version of Flight Simulator for the Apple II in 1979. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. These tables were later confirmed by using more modern computers for the actual flights. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. Gates and Allen started Microsoftoriginally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. Computer Science. Download now! By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. IBM establishes the 650 as its first mass-produced computer, with the company selling 450 in just one year. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . Later revisions used the Z80 processor, which is the model pictured above that [The Byte . As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. English language learners often score higher on assessments due to their increased focus in language acquisition. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). News of the groundbreaking electronic ENIAC computer that same year inspired the group to change course and attempt a digital solution, whereby flight variables could be rapidly programmed in software. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. Level. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. Dollars. Produce results (output) 4. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. True/False B. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an early product made for the emerging Internet of Things, which envisages a world in which common everyday devices have network connectivity and can exchange information or be controlled. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s.