elizabethan attitudes towards different cultures

Thinking through this geography, and then you have this Black Moor African character, and youre wondering how this character fits in. Gender Roles in the Renaissance: Questions of Gender in Shakespeare's And the fact of the Holy Land, its also a place where you have a lot of encounter with people who are different culturally, linguistically, religiously, but also racially and ethnically. Overview of the Elizabethan Fairy. In the play Othello, Shakespeare presents an African man who negates such stereotypical views. BOGAEV: Its complicated. BOGAEV: Right. Then, those kinds of characteristics allow for the argument that these people are fit to be enslaved. You say in your writing that the play is very short and very strange, but what you really get into is the way in which the word negro in the play conveys so much. Request Permissions. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. It was psychologist Robert Levine who analyzed different cultures and their attitude towards time.He found out that the more economically developed countries like the . University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons Elizabethan Englishmen associated blackness with evil, death, and danger. I think there has been a resistance to thinking about how enslavement has been the engine for all of the glories of the European Renaissance and the sort of discoveries of the early modern period, and what then resulted in the kind of ascendency of Europe over the rest of the world. So, how is it deployed and what does it connote, and what light does it shed on the topic were talking about today? Theyre transformed into other kinds of encounters now when weve traveled a couple of centuries forward. I dont want to essentialize identity, but I think that for white scholars, if youve never had to think about race as a thing that you have to concern yourself with in your life, because you dont think about whiteness as being a raced category, then youre not going to have the tools to be able to even understand that race is in front of you when its just standing there. But these being but particular customs of certain places and out of the rule of the common law, do little appertain to the disputation of the policy of the whole realm, and may be infinite. And a question that comes up a lot is this: When did the concept of race begin to appear? In war time, and in the field the Prince hath also absolute power, so that his word is a law, he may put to death, or to other bodily punishment, whom he shall think so to deserve, without process of law or form of judgment. Well, now we do have a fuller picture of the context for Othello. The arts, religion, and clothing helped create the unique culture of the Elizabethan Era. The period with which we are concerned here - let us say the sixteenth and . For commonly women are the most part of the forenoon painting themselves, and frizzing their hairs, and prying in their glass like Apes, to pranck up themselves in their gawdies, like Poppets, or like the Spider which weaves a fine web to hang the fly.". In some places the youngest is sole heir: and in some places after an other fashion. At the centre was Queen Elizabeth I, 'The Virgin Queen' and the latter part of . Iago calls to Brabantio to 'look to your house, your daughter, and your bags' claiming 'you're robbed' by 'thieves'. In shocking his audience with this deviation from the norm, Shakespeare presents a reality that African . Dr. Dadabhoy researches the role of identity and difference in literature, and she has a chapter in the monumental, new Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race thats called Barbarian Moors: Documenting Racial Formation in Early Modern England.. Cultural differences in the implicit and explicit attitudes toward In that period, the Spanish and the Portuguese, both being quite involved in the slave trade from the Atlantic into what Europeans called the New World. Certainly, I dont think it was the first play to do so, but it was the play that really centered on Morocco, focused on presenting this Moorish villain character whose racial Blackness becomes that Blackness gives the reason for his villainy. And our testaments for goods moveable be not subject to the ceremonies of the civil law, but made with all liberty and freedom. Of lands as ye have understood before, there is difference: for when the owner dieth, his land descendeth only to his eldest son, all the rest both sons and daughters have nothing by the common law, but must serve their eldest brother if they will, or make what other shift they can to live: except that the father in life time do make some conveyance and estates of part of his land to their use, or else by devise, which word amongst our lawyers doth betoken a testament written, sealed, and delivered in the life time of the testator before witness: for without those ceremonies a bequest of lands is not available. The impact of foreigners on a community or a culture is affected, obviously enough, both by the opportunities for contact and knowledge that exist, and by the framework of assumptions within which information about foreign lands and customs is presented and received. We had technical help from Andrew Feliciano at Voice Trax West in Studio City, California. Kings are also compared to fathers of families, for a king is truly parens patriae, the politic father of his people. To investigate how attitudes towards plagiarism develop in young children, researchers investigated whether attitudes about copying others varied across American, Mexican and Chinese . BOGAEV: Youre talking about George Peeles play, The Battle of Alcazar, and it was from 1594. The Elizabethan attitudes were generally positive but towards many of the things we still debate today had different points of view. The types of attitude in psychology that is often stated are. Elizabethan Attitudes to Women, Race and Transgression in - StudyMode However, in Othello by William Shakespeare, had issues about race. elizabethan attitudes towards different cultures There were two types of poor in Elizabethan England. Sometimes . BOGAEV: Oh, thats fascinating. BOGAEV: Yes, and colonialism and all of this stuff. He made not only herbs to garnish the earth, but also trees of a more eminent nature than herbs. The Elizabethan era is the epoch in English history marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). When we look at medieval writings seeking for information that bears on the question, 'what attitudes to foreigners were traditional in English literature?' Different cultures have different perspectives on disclosing emotions, the reasons behind a misunderstanding or conflict, or personal information. . Joseph Swetnam, "The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Forward, and Unconstant Women," 1615: Women degenerate from the use they were framed unto, by leading a proud, lazie, and idle life, to the great hinderance of their poor husbands. What do we know about who they were and where they came from? . Dadabhoy held fellowships at the Folger in 2011 and 2016, and participated in a Folger NEH Summer Institute Shakespeare from the Globe to the Global in 2011. But that still doesnt address the fact of Othellos Blackness. The convents had been closed. Yeah. What this study adds to existing knowledge To the best of our . Performance, advertising, and Anglo-Maghrebi diplomacy in Restoration and Augustan LondonEarly 18th-century London theater audiences paid close attention to the ambassadors from the Maghreb who occasionally joined them as spectators. Thats the traditional scholarship. In psychology, an attitude refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors toward a particular object, person, thing, or event. That his skin becomes the sign of his villainy and a sign of warning. . The Importance of Understanding Different Cultures | BIS - Bis BOGAEV: Hes internalized, yes, those in power, their way of thinking of his own Blackness. That is, of course, the Ottoman Empire. DADABHOY: But al-Mansur ends up being the king who is the one who negotiates with Elizabeth I. Its his ambassador who we have the famous portrait of, and who Shakespeare might have seen, because they were part of certain royal pageants. A good deal of mutual affection existed in most marriages, with wives occupying a separate but subordinate sphere in the family economy. BOGAEV: They kind of invert there, invert what youre saying. Then after this battle, we have a new king, who is al-Mansur. And the privilege which he so fondly challengeth to be the only absolute creature in this huge world's frame, perfectly able to know the absolute beauty and several parts thereof, and that he is only of power to yield the great Architect thereof due thanks for it and to keep account both of the receipts and layings out of the world--who hath sealed him this patent? AMBEREEN DADABHOY: We actually know quite a bit about the Black people who were living in London during Shakespeares time. One is the pretender to the throne and one is the legitimate king. The disposition of the males is opposed to this; for they are more passionate and fierce, more straightforward, and less invidious. I mean, does negro becomes the freighted word or a slur or a conflation of color into race? I mean such fathers of families as were the lineal heirs of those families whereof kings did originally come, for kings had their first original from them who planted and spread themselves in colonies through the world. We had technical help from Andrew Feliciano at Voice Trax West in Studio City, California. 2. One of the things that I understand about how the geography works in informing Othellos construction is that were deep in the eastern Mediterranean with this play; so were moving from Venice to Cyprus. According to a new Yale study, negative attitudes towards plagiarism may be more universal than previously thought. To save content items to your account, Martin preferred to live in a middle-class Ugandan neighborhood though HG paid him enough that he could certainly afford to live in one of the up-scale neighborhoods . BOGAEV: Your dissertation has no relevance to the period? It would be in her nature to love someone who was from her own culture. I think Othello falls into that trap too, when he begins to doubt Desdemonas love for him and one of the thingsor her fidelity, when he talks about how nature erring from itself in terms of talking about Desdemonas. Youre in this niche, or, It doesnt exist, and so youre talking about something that has no relevance. Othello: Racism and Racial Hatred in Elizabethan England Essay Older adults perceptions of children's attitudes toward them were more negative This podcast episode, In the Old Age, Black Was Not Counted Fair, was produced by Richard Paul. One of those thinkers is Ambereen Dadabhoy, an assistant professor of literature at Harvey Mudd, the liberal arts, engineering, science, and mathematics college in Claremont, California. Elizabethan Attitudes Toward Venice - Apethello - Google She is also more shameless and false, more readily deceived, and more mindful of injury, more watchful, more idle, and on the whole less excitable than the male. Home to the worlds largest Shakespeare collection, the Folger is dedicated to advancing knowledge and the arts. Theres this moment where at the end of the play where the new king says that Muly Hamet should be skinned and his skin should be displayed as a warning to those who might follow, right? Attitudes are often the result of experience or upbringing. Is it a similar depiction of otherness to what we see in these plays? So Im really thinking about the way that the play opens not with Othello, but with Iago and Roderigo shaping for us how we should interpret the Moor and Othello, and really relying on lurid imagery of Othellos sexuality and the kind of potential violation of Desdemona that they conjure for Brabantio. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster. In part, however, the Elizabethan Age was a success because men had at their disposal new and exciting areas, both of mind and geography, into which to channel their energies. We're at a moment in time when we need to do more than tolerate each other. On the contrary, the male is more ready to help, and, as it hath been said, more brave than the female; and . DADABHOY: Mm-hmm. DADABHOY: But even that is so problematic, right? Dr. Dadabhoy was interviewed by Barbara Bogaev. During the Elizabethan time there where many differences from now a days. Let him show us his letters of privilege for so noble and so great a charge. If youre a fan of Shakespeare Unlimited, please leave us a positive review on Apple Podcasts. Why is Culture Important and How Does it Influence People? Christian teaching gave prominence to three purposes for marriage: procreation of children, regulation of sexual activity, and mutual comfort and support. And if we dont do that, we reconstruct history in a way that is dishonest and that gets us to the problems that we have right now in our own culture, where people dont want to face the reality of the past; really kind of understand why we have all of the issues that we have with injustice and particularly racial injustice in this country, and also, I would say, in the UK. The Prince doth participate to them all, or so many of them as he shall think good, such legations anal messages as come from foreign Princes, such letters or occurrents [news] as be sent to himself or to his secretaries, and keepeth so many ambassades [messages] and letters sent unto him secret as he will, although these have particular oath of a councillor touching faith and secrets administered unto them when they be first admitted into that company. The duties of husband and wife were explicitly defined and expected to be followed by both men and women. Othello - Values and Attitudes "If Othello didnt begin as a play about race, history has made it one."The Venetian society that Othello is set in is representative of the writers context. We go back thinking about the Middle Ages and the popularity of certain kinds of romance forms. You had Moroccan African people in London. I mean, it just requires really teaching this whole period differently, it seems. attitudes toward them were examined using the Attitude Perception Questionnaire. However, though the society was patriarchal, new ideas and thinking were evolv . Then enter the name part Our podcast, In the Old Age, Black Was Not Counted Fair, was produced by Richard Paul. Othello and Race I Relations in I - JSTOR Home Race and Blackness in Elizabethan England. DADABHOY: For me, I think that the play asks us to think about how Blackness is actively being constructed by characters who have power in order to influence how we understand race. This immediately implies Desdemona is her father's physical possession, much the same as Brabantio . Marriage: Early marriage was more common among the nobility and gentry than further down the social scale. Its a power struggle between three kings in 1578. In fact, even the Medieval Church had reminded parents of their duty to consider their children's inclinations in marriage arrangements. MICHAEL WITMORE: How far should we look back to find the attitudes that bolster white supremacy? Published online by Cambridge University Press: Thats what traditional scholarship says. That there is a difference between the visage in her mind versus the visage that is presented to the world. So the Battle of Alcazar is this famous battle of Alccer Quibir, which is famous in Europe becauseand its called the Battle of Three Kingsbecause three kings end up dying in this battle. In Elizabethan England, there was fairly widespread belief that freedom of choice was a right among marriage partners. Have they been granted only in favor of the wise? Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth. DADABHOY: Yeah. According to one source, "in the Elizabethan age, upwards of 80% of all books were purchased for and read by women" ("Elizabethan Women" 1). We are working through this pandemic helping people in need with delivery. . Erin Meyer, professor at INSEAD, discusses management hierarchy and decision-making across cultures. DADABHOY: Yes. DADABHOY: Yeah. ; ; BARBARA BOGAEV: Id like to start with talking about what the Black presence was in London in Shakespeares time. please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. . The vestiges of these dispositions exist, as we may say, in all, but are more conspicuous in those which have the strongest moral habits, and most of all in mankind; for the nature of the human subject is the most complete, so that these habits appear more conspicuous in mankind than ir other animals. I tell them that its okay to come from a certain kind of position, but its also necessary then for us to think about the positions that we cant occupy and the blind spots that we might have. The Elizabethan era was different than the Medieval era in the way the insane were treated by the public. I think for me it was really interesting to follow the use and mobilization of that word in the play. Then Cyprus represents being in that border region where one can potentially go native in a certain context. In choosing to marry, women sacrificed any legal or constitutional rights as citizens. The significance of John Cabot's crossing of 1497 was that he was the first to discover the mainland of America, while Columbus and the Spaniards were still occupied with the West Indies. While the husbands received the marriage . But it really was in how I got to my topic was really from a moment of teaching Othello really. Published May 25, 2021. How the elderly are treated around the world | The Week She is not talking about Spanish people in that edict, right? hasContentIssue true, https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521064309.005, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Queen Elizabeth was at the top of the social pyramid. When she chose to show herself to her subjects she glittered with jewels and gold like an icon. Her chapter in the Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race is called Barbarian Moors: Documenting Racial Formation in Early Modern England. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race was published by Cambridge University Press in 2021. In practice, marriages ranged over a spectrum running from arranged at one end to completely free at the other. Cultural Differences in Perception and Attitude towards Robots BOGAEV: But interesting that its being skinned. Popular culture and the wider world - The Elizabethans overview - OCR B In relation to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. The ones with more money, however, had as much freedome as any other white people. While attitudes are enduring, they can also change. All rights reserved. Our cultural values influence how we approach living. Is that how you see it? I felt that negro here was not a value-neutral descriptor. emotional. Early Elizabethan England - Attitudes to poverty In this period, the use of negro in various European languages is always connected to the kinds of discourses that we associate with race. Away from the luxury of the monarchy in the Elizabethan era, life for ordinary people was often hard and the number of poor people increased during Elizabeth's . The women of the Elizabethan era were given education only if they were members of the nobility. Semblably in birds, beasts, and fishes, some be good for the sustenance of man; some bear things profitable to sundry uses; other be apt to occupation and labor; in divers is strength and fierceness only; in many is both strength and commodity; some other serve for pleasure; none of them hath all these qualities; few have the more part or many, specially beauty, strength . Could you just fill us in and give us the thumbnail sketch? It must be because Im Black that she is now unfaithful to me, right? Love's Labour's Lost - Cultural/Historical Influences - Cedar Crest College Since the Spaniards based their claim to monopoly of the New World upon the right of prior discovery, the Elizabethans rejoined that Cabot had got to the . Back to the roots:Shakespeare and Popular Culture in the 20th and 21st . The people of England believed themselves to be far superior and treated others with indignity and pity. I mean one of the things about Shakespeare is he does something different than what other people are doing. His lack of self-esteem makes him an easy prey for the white devil, lago. Due to the research of scholars like Imtiaz Habib, whose Black Lives in the English Archives traces who these people were, where they lived, and really done a lot of that through court records and trying to figure out how early modern naming practices would have let us find out who might have been a Black person. Ben Lauer is the web producer. What is Culture? I really love talking with you about this. So, in my recent article on The Battle of Alcazarthat is a play that predates Othello, and it really kind of was one that was really influential in showcasing Moors on the early modern stage. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues . And, I mean, its complicated. Cultural attitudes towards pets - PubMed Then when we finally see Othello, he is of course so different from what we have been led to believe by Iago. and primary school children and girls held more positive attitudes towards bullying/victimization than secondary school children. After being imprisoned by her half-sister and surviving several plots designed to prevent her from ascending the throne of England, Elizabeth became queen in 1558. But, you know, and heres the benefit of studying scholars of race like Stuart Hall, for example, who very clearly tells us that race is a discourse, and it is a shifting discourse. So that herein the kingdom of England is far more absolute than either the dukedom of Venice is, or the kingdom of the Lacedemonians [Spartans] was. Different cultures have unique stereotypical beliefs towards PWS. About Marriage in Elizabethan Times - The Classroom DADABHOY: I dont know that I would say that. The Jews were not allowed . If were talking about the imperial contest between Venice and the Ottoman Empire, and if Venice is supposed to stand for Europe and the Ottoman Empire is supposed to stand for the dangerous eastern Other, then we see in Cyprus how one is endangered by being in close proximity to that dangerous Other. As your awareness of culture increases, your attitude toward cultural difference likewise evolves. It requires understanding all of the kinds of violences that enabled these empires to exist. The attitudes and values that Shakespeare reveals through the text are those sameattitudes and values of Elizabethan society in England in the sixteenth . Your parents and friends are better equipped than you are to look out for your best interests, being mature and experienced in the world. elizabethan attitudes towards different cultures Because your work, it really puts a different spin on Othello, and it also puts such a different spin on the traditional thinking about The Renaissance, with a capital T and a capital R. I mean as you put it in your essay, Empires built on exploitation, on bondage, on enslavement, on genocide of Indigenous people, and you ask in that same paragraph, How can we have this glorious, early modern period if its also implicated in all of those things? How do you answer that question? For me the play is really exclusionary and its not necessarily one that has a positive image. ELIZABETHAN BLACKNESS 5-18-21 [00:16:05]DADABHOY: I dont think its the origins of racial thinking, but I think its a very powerful example of how race is already being understood, operating in a shorthand that is legible to audiences. DADABHOY: That was my introduction to this play. Otherwise, they had to stay home and learn to run the household. Discover Shakespeare's stories and the world that shaped them. This was a period in which Englishmen had to face the fact that there were strange people in other parts of the world. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-jxww4 Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. Different groups may have different cultures. Venice was one of the richest cities in the world. It is not something that is fixed. "The Deceit of Women, Instruction and Example of all Men, Young and Old, Newly Corrected," 1560: Begins with a pictorial warning to husbands in a woodcut on the title-page presenting a woman astride her spouse, flogging him as he goes on all fours. But we might want to think about how they got to Spain. And the like power have kings. I had a preconceived notion of what I was going to find. I think there is a preconceived notion for people who dont go deep into the scholarship on race. Cross-cultural differences in explicit attitudes towards emotion regulation. Only a few, and recent, studies demonstrate the existence of different cultural atti-tudes towards money in a single national context (Medina, Many of their viewpoints were substantiated from their dominant influence of Christianity, whether Protestant or Catholic. Right? And to no Prince is done more honor and reverence than to the King and Queen of England, no man speaketh to the Prince nor serveth at the table but in adoration and kneeling; all persons of the realm be bareheaded before him: insomuch that in the chamber of presence where the cloth of estate is set, no man dare walk, yea though the Prince be not there, no man dare tarry there but bareheaded. To save content items to your account, 467 participants from seven different countries filled in the negative attitude towards robots scale . Weve been engaged here at the Folger in a series of Critical Race Conversations. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. In whose power it is not to know the least part of it, much less to command the same. It is true that acceptance, marvel, wonder, anxiety and fear as well as disgust all accompanied English attitudes towards different racial, ethnic and religious identities. Leonor Fernandez edits our transcripts. only that they were different. Peace Corps | World Wise Schools | Teaching About Culture | Culture BOGAEV: Right. This hath been some time used within the realm before any open war in sudden insurrections and rebellions, but that not allowed of wise and grave men, who in that their judgment had consideration of the consequence and example, as much as of the present necessity, especially, when by any means the punishment might have been done by order of law. Gender roles during the Elizabethan era limited the roles of women.