At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. From the Newcomb-Endicott store, Detroit, Michigan. Beds and mattresses, bedroom furniture, pillows, bedding. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin #682, chapter 9: "Monthly earnings of professional engineers," pp. The strike was officially called to a halt on March the 3rd 1985. Coal powered industrial America. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Compares wage rates and hours of work for the WWI and WWII eras, focusing specifically on the manufacturing, mining, railroad, printing and maritime industries, as well as farm labor wages. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. His salary was paid entirely by coal companies. U.S. coal mining employment change by state Q4 2011-Q4 2016 ; Source: Report of the Salary survey commission to the Pennsylvania General assembly, 1929. Knickerbockers, shirts, high school boy's suits, boy's fine suits, overcoats, winter coats, jackets, pajamas, rain coats, caps and hats, shoes. Managements steam whistle now set the times. Source: BLS. West Virginias drift mines were cut into the mountains horizontally and its slope mines descended gradually into the earth. Email: concannonm@missouri.edu Teacher salaries for. From, Earnings forveterinarians with governmentjobs, in scientific labs, in sales, or working as. Every workingman was supposed to have his turn when it came to getting an empty coal car, because each collier deserved an equal opportunity to get his load to the weigh station. FromTHE DEVIL HERE IN THESE HILLS(Atlantic Monthly Press), now out in paperback. Shows average value per acre for all real estate with buildings, and the value of land alone, by county, for six states: MA, CT, RI , ME, VT and NH. Wages are shown in French francs. Some New York City teacher and principal salaries are shown on the following page in Table 42. Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Coal miners homemade prosthetic leg, about 1950. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. Wages are shown in French francs. Meanwhile, his wife Mary operated the Nellis boarding house for foreign-born miners. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. Source: BLS, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations both in and outside of Copenhagen, Denmark. Source: BLS. Each table is for a different New Zealand city. Shows the average daily wages of Japanese and Chinese workers in various occupations for the South Manchuria Railway Co. Wages are shown in both contemporary yen and US dollars. Hourly Rate. Describes the labor policy of South Africa in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. See the. The coal industry required more labor than southern West Virginia could supply. (Click image for detail), Marie Concannon, Government Information Librarian The struggle between workers and managers in the workplace played out vividly in the Pennsylvania coal mines. One statute required operators to print maps of their mines, but it excluded any provisions for enforcing this requirement. Source: BLS. The strongest, most efficient men earned the most money at the end of the day. The lack of market for coal during the depression had stepped in to push aside both miners and operators as principals in collective bargaining. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. Postal Service. Prices are shown in Hungarian crowns. Dresses, skirts, blouses, suits, patterns for sewing frocks,, dress gloves, shawls, sweaters, silk undergarments, pajamas, union suits, corsets, gowns, stockings, hats, winter coats, fur coats, winter gloves and mittens, shoes, purses and bags, diamond rings, necklaces and jewelry, brooches, perfume, wigs. 514. Compares 1927 and 1913 earnings. In 1923, there were about 883,000 coal miners; today there are about 53,000. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. Processing plants called breaker buildings were symbols of pride for mine communities. Covers more than 1,200 cities. Shows average wages by industry in both rubles and US currency. Miners waiting to start their shift at the Virginia-Pochahontas Coal Company mine near Richland, Virginia, in 1974. 412. by STATE Priced by the single unit. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: U.S. Bureau of Education. Sporting goods:
Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. Discusses doctor and hospital fees as well as related expenses such as home nursing care. Wages are shown in both US and English currency. Since money wage rates of foreign countries have little meaning for economists in America, only the real wage rates are given.", Shows the average hourly and weekly wages of various occupations for both skilled and unskilled laborers. Workers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884, Managers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884. Occupations included are limited before 1916. They provided their own equipment and often hired assistants; managers extended credit for supplies like dynamite. asked the Secretary of State for Employment whether he will publish in the OFFICIAL REPORT as 89W detailed information as may be readily available showing the numbers and groupings of employees in the coal mines working at the surface and face, respectively, whose basic rates of pay on 1st November 1973 were below the national average wage of 42 per week ; and how far . Coal loaders at the face depended on mule drivers and motor men to honor the old tradition of a square turna custom through which colliers sought to control output and equalize earning opportunities by ensuring that each miner would receive the same number of cars during a workday, in the words of a mine industry historian. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of various foodstuffs in the Riga markets. Keep your hand upon the dollar, Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. COST OF LIVING Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. College professor salaries, 1928 (Source: AAUP report). Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. This calculator allows you to compare the buying power of wages earned at different points in history. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs . Source: Monthly price list for Ralph's Grocery Company, which sold only in the Los Angeles area. "In this region, I presume that a fee of $200 would be a pretty fair estimate of the surgeon's charge for operation and the after-treatment there would be between the operation and the death of the patient." Shows mining wages in Alabama, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming. 45-57. Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. Wages are shown in Belgian francs. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. School and office supplies:
Tables are broken down by occupation, sex, and state. Still he ventures to be brave. Unskilled labor hired by cities for construction, repair or cleaning of streets. Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (September 1932). by RACE Tax covers both land and buildings. Shows data for Washington DC, Los Angeles, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroitand otheradditional cities on pages5-9. First, the men had topush an empty coal car up wooden rails that they had installed on their own time. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. Shows firemen salaries for 25 American cities including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, Indianapolis, Buffalo, Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City and more. Shows starting salary and increases granted based on marital status and number of children. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages for various occupations in Tokyo. In 1900 almost 2 percent of Americans were coal miners. 8836. NOTE: Forhouseholdincome data for 1929, we recommend a1934 Brookings Institution report titled America's Capacity to Consume. Source: Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960. Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. Wages are shown in both Francs and contemporary US dollars. - Earnings, 1929, Farm workers' wages and income,1909-1938, Male farm labor average wages by state, 1929, Airplane pilot (commercial) - Salary, 1929, Barbers and hairdressers - Earnings, 1929, Baseball, major league - Player and umpiresalaries, 1929, Union wages in construction trades, 1913-1930, Union carpenter wages in selected cities for 1924-1925, Average hourly carpenter wage in U.S. for 1926, Carpenter wages for 1920-1928 for twelve major U.S. cities, Cement industry job wages and hours, 1929, Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933, Domestic (household) service - Male workers' wages, Executive salaries in private businesses, 1924, Teachers and principals' salaries by city, 1921-1922, School personnelsalaries by sex in selectedcities, 1926, Teacher's salaries by school level, 1924-1928, Illinois teachers salaries in high schools, 1920-1921, New York state teachers' salaries, 1920-1932, North Carolina teacher salaries by race, 1922, Texas school personnel salaries (white only), 1872-1953, Firemen and fire department salaries by city, 1927, Foundryand machine shop jobs - Wages and hours, 1923-1931, Administrative and supervisors pay in federal government, 1926, Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-193, Lumber industry job wages and hours, 1921-1932, Military pay for officers on active duty - 1926, Mining metals - Wages and hours, 1924 and 1931, Mining - anthracite and bituminous coal, 1922 and 1924, Metalliferous mining job wages and hours, 1924, Nursing - Average salaries for public health and institutional nurses, 1927, Petroleum industry - Wages by occupation and state,1920, Seamen and firemen on ocean ships - Wages, 1914-1918, Slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1921-1929, Street laborers (unskilled) - Wages and hours, 1928, Telegraph and cable industry - wages and salaries, 1922, Telephone industry - average compensation per employee, 1922, Typical fees charged for veterinary visits are described, 1926 annual salaries for individual veterinarians, Wages for thousands of occupations, indexed alphabetically - 1929, Manufacturing job hours and earnings, 1919-1960, Factory employee average annual wages - 1921, 1923, Industrial home work - Earnings, early 1920s, Automobile tire manufacturing wages, 1923, Motor vehicle industry job wages and hours, 1922-1928, Airplanes and aircraft engines manufacture - Hours and earnings, 1929, Boot, shoe, hosiery and underwear manufacturing wages, 1907-1920, Clothing (men's) manufacturing wages & hours, 1911-1932, Hosiery and underwear manufacturing - Wages & hours, 1907-1932, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing: 1910 to 1930, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1907-1922, Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1910-1931, Pottery industry job wages and hours, 1925, Paper box-board industry job wages and hours, 1926, Professional and business women - Salaries and income, 1927, Library assistants - Earnings by city, 1923, Women employed as cleaners, maids, and elevator operators in Washington DC, 1920, Women's wages in the candy industry in St. Louis and Chicago, 1920-1921, Women's wages in candy industry - St. Louis, 1920-1921, Women employed as household servants in Philadelphia - late 1920s, Women's wages, hours, and earnings - South Carolina, 1921, Women in Tennessee industries - Hours, wages and working conditions, 1925, Colorado - Wages by occupation and industry, 1928, Union workers' annual earnings - New Haven CT, 1927, Teenagers' wages by occupation and sex in Detroit, 1922, Wage in the Missouri shoe industry, 1913-1922, Public school employee salaries - New York City, 1928, Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932, Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927, Minimum wage laws of the U.S., construction and operation, 1921, Wages by occupation in Buenos Aires, 1926, Buenos Aries - Average Wages, 1922, 1926, 1928-1929, Minimum wages in Sydney and Melbourne, 1914 and 1921, Wages and cost of living in Austria, 1920, Farm help wages in Canadian provinces by sex, 1920s, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1920, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1921, Wages by occupation in Canadian provinces, 1924-26, Wages and hours of labour - Canada, 1920-1926, Wages in boot and shoe industries in France, 1924, "Real wages" in Germany by industry, 1923, Automobile manufacturing wages in Germany, 1929, Wages and hours in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924, average weekly earnings by industry and sex, Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1928, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1932, Agricultural trades - Minimum wage in Great Britain, 1920, Building trades - Wages by city in the UK, 1920, Iron and steel industry wages in Great Britain, 1926, Coal miner earnings in Great Britain, 1921-23, Judges of county courts (UK) - Salary, ca. Prices shown in marks. See answers (2) Best Answer. Taken from the 1921 U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, starting on page 804. Average weekly earnings of male and female workers in the British cotton industry are shown at four periods of time in 1924. Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations. It was usually undertaken by women, and sometimes children. Shows the average daily wages of various occupations in Athens and Piraeus. Arranged by occupation and then by city and year. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of manual work occupations in Barcelona, Spain. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1928 had the same buying power as abut $15 in the year 2020. Source: Lists minimum and maximum daily wages for male and female workers. Boys learned the mining craft from their fathers and later passed this knowledge on to their own sons. Source: the Historian of the U.S. Prices are shown in German marks. 408, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations in the capital of Argentina. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. Took into account additional sources of income for farm families, such as income derived from animals or investments. Children's:
Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more. 484. 90%. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. $30.30. Shows salaries at the state, county and city levels. The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety. 365-372. Acquiring a sense of humor helped mask a workers dread of the mine, but joking was no substitute for learning how to be careful. Ukrainian immigrant Nick Gurski began working in the Boone County coal mines in the 1920s. Source:Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. Some stopped the cars by jamming pieces of wood into the spokes. Occupations wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. A miners compulsion to load as much coal as possible was tempered by experience, however. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920 Shows data for 12 cities located in NY, OH, PA and MA, including NYC, Boston, Philadelphia and more. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. Includes breakouts for adults and. Data available for additional years inMissouri Farm Census by Counties, Missouri State Dept of Agriculture. Expressed in dollars and also as a percentage of the property value. Prices on pp. Indicates prices per kilowatt-hour by areas and cities. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. For example, the 1920 volume gives rates in Ohio and Minnesota, Illinois and Indiana, and more. This series of tables shows the wage distribution and average weekly wages of a variety of industries and occupations in Missouri in 1921. how much did coal miners get paid in the 1950s. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. The laborer's work is often made difficult by the water and rock which are found' in large quantities in coal veins. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. One task was to test for the build-up of flammable methane gas. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. And your eye upon the scale! Union wages by occupation and city, 1922-1928, Women's median wages by state and industry, 1910s-1920s, Cigarette packs - Average retail price by brand, 1929, Average college expenses and tuition by institution, 1928, Family budgets by income group, 1918-1930, https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/pricesandwages, Common labor - Average entrance wage rates, 1926-1934, Union wages by occupation and city, 1920-1921, Steam fitters' and sprinkler fitters' helpers, Structural-iron workers: finishers' helpers, Union wages by occupation and city, 1929-1930, Captains, masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Assistant gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Iron workers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Masons, bricklayers, and plasterers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Section laborers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Crossing and bridge flagmen and gatemen, War and postwar wages, prices, and hours, 1914-23 and 1939-44, Urban Negro weekly earnings by sex and occupational class, 1925, Negro wages by occupation - Chicago, 1920, Teacher salaries by race - North Carolina, 1922, Teacher salaries by race - Texas, 1925-1926, Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, etc. As a novice, Keeney learned the colliers trade from older craftsmenthe skills of cutting the face, setting the charges, and loading the coal without wrenching his back or crippling himself. Following legal tradition, companies usually placed blame and responsibility for injuries on the workers. This article reprinted from a January 1923 edition of, This source quotes medians (the mid-point, with 50% falling below the line), first quartiles (25% falling below) and third quartiles (75% falling below). Nothing was the answer, nothing but the miserable life he and his family endured living inrented shanties hard on the railroad tracks. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. Shows the average weekly wages of various occupations in 8 different industries in Budapest. Source: BLS. By 2003 that number had dipped to just 70,000. He later recalled his terror at being lost in a maze of underground rooms when his lamp went out. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. Source: Federal Power Commission. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. The regions first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily or monthly wages for various occupations in 5 different cities in Brazil. Retreat mining was a risky business, but at least the miners engineered these cave-ins. Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other staple goods in the Mexican capital. The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. They designed complex ventilation systems with fans and interior doors to keep dangerous gases from causing explosions. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. by OCCUPATION Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Swiss farming as well as the daily wages of day laborers. On one hand, the miners discipline and death-defying courage made them ideal industrial soldiers; on the other hand, the qualities the men forged in underground combat with the elementsbravery, fraternal fealty, and group solidarityhardened them for aboveground combat with their employers. It is not yet available to read online; check your local library for a printed copy. After workers had advanced the mine face to the end of the seam, veterans began the dangerous work of removing the massive coal pillars that stood between the rooms and helped support the mine top. Bathroom:
There is also a table showing, Shows the value of multiple currencies in US dollars in the years of. Shows average dollar amount spent annually in categories such as food, clothing, maintenance of health, personal goods, furniture and more. The need to correct these abuses led the UMWA to demand the employment of a check-weigh man whom the miners could trust. Lists single-unit prices for barbital, benzoyl peroxide, benzocaine, aspirin, quinoline, and more, showing proprietary and coined drug names. Coal companies also recruited in Europe. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. Wages are shown in both Italian lire and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: Historical chart shows salaries of members of the U.S. Congress, along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. Wages are shown in pounds, shillings, and pence. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. This booklet shows prices for hotels and amenities such astelephone, restaurant meals,haircuts, bath house, etc. Coal mine owners and superintendents rarely went underground. Provides foreign wage data in native currency alongside the U.S. dollar equivalent to assist in comparing the rates. Shows forty pages of incomedata with numerous breakouts. ), athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, Prices of articles bought by farmers, 1909-1924, Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960, Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Women's clothing catalog - B. Altman & Co., Summer 1920. Most trapper boys learned how to overcome their fears by watching and listening to the colliers who went underground with them. Shows wages and prices in kronen, along with the exchange rate to translate into U.S. dollars. Source: BLS, Shows the minimum hourly wages of various occupations in Brussels. Taken from Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Cabinets and cookware. Also tells pay for court clerks and marshals. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. By 1854, forty-six percent of all American pig iron had been smelted with anthracite coal as a fuel, and by 1860 anthracite's share of pig iron was more than fifty-six . Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more. in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, FOOD Girl's:
Paragraph below the table describes the weekly earnings of blast furnace workers, smelters, rolling mill operators, and foundry workers in both Pounds Sterling and U.S. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Board a ship to cross the wave; Wages are shown in Sweden kronor. From, Average monthly wages by state,with and without board. Shows wages by occupation grouped by industries, with breakouts for males and females. The union was very important to miners. This is a New Zealand government document. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs spurred a population boom in the region, which stretches from western New York state to Alabama. At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. Handkerchiefs, slippers, watches, umbrellas, hair brushes and combs, Christmas decorations. Managers concentrated on business decisions, such as arranging transportation and selling their product. Shows the average weekly earnings by industry and occupation.
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